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发展人工种草是缓解西藏草畜矛盾和生态环境问题的重要途径之一。食物消费结构趋向多元化,内地食物消费比重增加,缓解了西藏地区食物生产压力,为西藏农业地区发展种草提供了有利条件。论文基于农户食物生产和消费调研数据、市场调研数据并且结合统计数据资料,在利用和改进Gerbens-Leenes等(2002)发展的食物消费与耕地需求之间关系的方法基础之上,系统分析了“一江两河”流域(拉萨地区、日喀则地区和山南地区)农户腾出耕地种草的潜力。结果显示,西藏农区居民家庭食物消费结构耕地需求不高,理论上腾出耕地种草潜力较大。2010年“一江两河”流域中的拉萨市、日喀则地区以及山南地区户均耕地需求分别为5 542.3、7 400.1和5 521.7 m~2,而腾出耕地种草的潜力分别为4 777.5、2 977.3和2 054.4 m~2,拉萨地区、日喀则地区和山南地区分别占到户均耕地面积的46.3%、28.7%以及27.1%。但是,考虑到当地快速的人口增长以及脆弱的生态环境对农业生产的不利因素,“一江两河”流域不同地区应该根据各自农业生产特点以及畜牧业发展水平,有针对性地开展农牧业结构调整,通过种草补贴等激励措施和政策,提高农户种草积极性,开拓饲草市场,统筹土地的种粮和种草功能,优化配置土地饲草资源,缓解当地草畜矛盾,增加农户种草收入。
The development of artificial grass planting is one of the important ways to alleviate the conflicts between husbandry and livestock and the ecological environment in Tibet. The food consumption structure tends to be diversified. The proportion of food consumption in the Mainland has increased, easing the pressure on food production in Tibet and providing favorable conditions for the development of grazing in the agricultural areas of Tibet. Based on the survey data of farmers’ food production and consumption, market research data and statistical data, based on the method of utilizing and improving the relationship between food consumption and cultivated land demand developed by Gerbens-Leenes et al. (2002) Farmers in the “One River and Two Rivers” drainage basin (Lhasa, Shigatse and Shannan areas) have the potential to plant grassland. The results show that the demand for cultivated land for food consumption in households in Tibet is not high, and the potential for farmland grazing is theoretically released. In 2010, the demand for arable land per capita in Lhasa, Shigatse and Shannan areas in the “One River and Two Rivers” drainage basin was 5442.3, 7400.1 and 5221.7 m ~ 2, respectively, and the potential for vacating cultivated land was 4 777.5, 2 977.3 and 2 054.4 m 2 respectively. Lhasa, Shigatse and Shannan accounted for 46.3%, 28.7% and 27.1% of arable land per arable land respectively. However, taking into account the rapid population growth in the region and the unfavorable factors affecting the agricultural production in a fragile ecological environment, different regions of the “one river and two rivers” should carry out targeted agricultural development in light of the characteristics of their respective agricultural production and the level of development of animal husbandry Through adjusting the structure of animal husbandry and encouraging incentives and policies such as subsidies for grazing, we should increase the enthusiasm of farmers in planting grass, open up the forage market, make overall plans for planting grain and planting grass, optimize the allocation of forage resources in the land, Farmers grow grass income.