利用养分投入产出平衡分析方法 ,根据山东省大棚蔬菜施肥农户抽样调查结果 ,分析研究了大棚蔬菜养分积累状况及其形成原因。结果表明 ,大棚蔬菜生产中 ,几种主要蔬菜如黄瓜、番茄、辣椒、西葫芦等均会造成 NPK养分在土壤中的大量累积 ,其中以 P最为突出 ,黄瓜每季 P2 O5累积量在 40 0 0 kg/hm2 以上 ,N和 K2 O也在 1 50 0kg/hm2以上 ,由此带来巨大的环境风险 ;投入量大大超过吸收量是最主要原因 ,NP比例失调 ,P的比例过高使得 P累积最为突出 ;以磷酸二铵和等养分三元复合肥为主的肥料品种结构也是 P高量累积的重要原因。 Using the method of nutrient input-output balance analysis, according to the sampling survey results of fertilizers in greenhouses in shandong province, the status of nutrient accumulation in greenhouses and the cause of their formation were analyzed. The results showed that during the vegetable production in greenhouse, several main vegetables such as cucumber, tomato, pepper and zucchini all caused a large accumulation of NPK in the soil, among which P was the most prominent, and the cumulative amount of P2 O5 in cucumber was 40 000 kg / hm2 above, N and K2 O are also more than 1 50 0kg / hm2, resulting in a huge environmental risk; the amount of input is much more than the absorption is the most important reason, NP proportion imbalance, P ratio is too high to make P accumulation The most prominent; to diammonium phosphate and other nutrient-based compound fertilizer-based fertilizer structure is also an important reason for the accumulation of high-P.