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小麦新种质WB13是普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品种7182与农家二棱大麦(Hordeum vulgare ssp.distichon Hsü.)杂交后回交多代衍生而来的大穗大粒材料。为了明确WB13的遗传基础,本研究利用形态学、细胞学、分子标记及特异片段回收测序等技术对其进行了鉴定。结果表明,采用小麦不同同源群简单重复序列(simple sequence repeat,SSR)标记对WB13和小麦7182进行遗传背景分析发现,两者遗传相似系数(genetic similarity coefficient,GS)达97.0%,田间表现为大穗、大粒,综合农艺性状较好;根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=42,以大麦基因组DNA为探针进行基因组原位杂交(genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)未出现杂交信号;利用大麦特异序列标签位点(sequence-tagged site,STS)标记对WB13和农家二棱大麦进行扩增,发现ABG054(4H)和ABC305B(7H)两个标记在WB13中扩增出了大麦特征条带(分别记为WS1和WS3),经测序及序列比对,发现其与扩增到的大麦序列分别具有100%和98%的相似性,与EMBL数据库中的序列比对,与两者有相似性的全为大麦的序列。利用大麦4H和7H染色体上的35对SSR引物对WB13及其亲本进行扩增,发现与千粒重相关的标记MGB396(4H)在WB13中扩增出了大麦的特异条带。综合以上结果确定WB13含有大麦4H和7H染色体的遗传物质,为小麦-大麦渐渗系材料,且4H染色体渗入片段中可能携带与千粒重相关的有益基因。本研究确定了WB13为小麦-大麦杂种后代,此材料的育成丰富了小麦-大麦中间材料和大穗大粒材料的种质资源。同时本研究在分子水平上初步揭示了WB13大穗大粒特性的成因,为后续构建遗传分析群体进行相关数量性状(quantitative trait loci,QTL)定位及推动WB13的研究利用积累了基础资料。
The new wheat germplasm WB13 is a large panicle material derived from the hybridization of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 7182 and Hordeum vulgare ssp. Duichichon Hsü. In order to clarify the genetic basis of WB13, this study identified the use of morphological, cytological, molecular markers and specific fragment recovery sequencing. The results showed that the genetic background analysis of WB13 and wheat 7182 using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers showed that the genetic similarity coefficient (GS) of the two cultivars reached 97.0% Large spike, large grain and good agronomic traits. The number of chromosomes in root tip cells was 2n = 42. No hybridization signal was observed in genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) using barley genomic DNA as probe. The sequence of tagged site (STS) was used to amplify the barley from WB13 and barnyard grass, and the barley bands were amplified in WB13 by ABG054 (4H) and ABC305B (7H) As WS1 and WS3). After sequencing and sequence alignment, they were found to have 100% and 98% similarity to the amplified barley sequences, respectively, which were aligned with the sequences in the EMBL database and had similarities with both The sequence of barley. Using 35 pairs of SSR primers on 4H and 7H chromosomes of barley, WB13 and its parents were amplified. It was found that a specific band of barley was amplified in WB13 by MGB396 (4H), a marker associated with 1000-grain weight. Based on the above results, it was confirmed that WB13 contains the 4H and 7H chromosomes of barley as wheat-barley introgression lines, and the 4H chromosome introgression fragment may carry beneficial genes related to 1000-grain weight. This study identified WB13 as a wheat-barley hybrid progeny, and the breeding of this material enriched the germplasm resources of wheat-barley intermediate material and large panicle material. At the same time, this study revealed the genesis of WB13 large panicle at the molecular level, and accumulated the basic data for the subsequent construction of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for genetic analysis population and the promotion of WB13.