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为了建立合理的土壤侵蚀评价和预报模型,基于泥沙运动理论,通过室内径流冲刷模拟试验,以黄土坡面为研究对象,研究了坡面径流输沙过程,推导了坡面径流输沙率理论公式。研究结果表明,不同坡度、流量组合条件下,坡面平均流速和不同时段的产沙比随冲刷历时的变化具有相同的变化趋势;坡度对流速和坡面产沙比的阶段性影响相反;坡面侵蚀输沙变化规律受制于流量和坡度之间的相互对比情况,坡度越陡,坡面流达到侵蚀平衡时刻越早;通过试验数据验证输沙率公式,相关系数为R2=0.799 3。
In order to establish a reasonable model of soil erosion evaluation and prediction, based on the theory of sediment movement and indoor runoff scouring simulation test, the loess slope is taken as the research object to study the sediment transport process of slope runoff, formula. The results show that under the conditions of different slope and flow combinations, the average flow rate of slope and the ratio of sand production at different time periods have the same trend with the changes of erosion duration; The law of surface sediment transport and sediment change is controlled by the mutual relation between flow rate and slope. The steeper the slope, the earlier the slope flow reaches the erosion equilibrium. The formula of sediment transport rate is verified by experimental data, the correlation coefficient is R2 = 0.799 3.