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科斯早期关于交易成本和“法律功能论”的思想对经济学界产生了深刻的影响,而其后期关于“法律生成论”的思想却尚未得到学术界应有的重视。文章通过梳理科斯关于法经济学思想的前后变化,以中国农村的家庭联产承包责任制为案例说明科斯后期思想的转向。研究发现:(1)科斯对法律与经济关系的认识经历了早期的“法律功能论”到后期的“法律生成论”的转变,两者形成互补关系;(2)制度变迁成本的降低是“边缘改革”启动的关键前提,而基层经济力量的积累又推动了“亲市场”法律体系的生成;(3)科斯的“法律生成论”的逻辑并不完善,中国的改革实践表明,既得利益的松动和思想观念的改变以及上层政治权力的支持是制度变迁成本降低的必要条件。因此,在理想情境下,转型期的法律应该主动与来自基层的制度演化相调试,从而形成更为“亲市场”法律体系。
Earlier, Coase’s thinking on transaction costs and the theory of legal functions had a profound impact on the economics field. However, his later thoughts on the theory of legal genesis have not yet received the attention of academia. By combing Coase’s thought about economics before and after the change, the article illustrates the shift of the thinking of the late Coase in the case of the household contract responsibility system in rural China. The findings are as follows: (1) Coase’s cognition of the relationship between law and economy has undergone a change from the earlier “theory of legal function” to the later “legal theory of creation”, which form a complementary relationship. (2) The cost of institutional change Is the key precondition for the start of “marginal reform”, and the accumulation of grassroots economic forces has promoted the formation of the “pro-market” legal system. (3) The logic of Coase’s “theory of law formation” does not Perfecting China’s reform practice shows that the loosening of vested interests and the change of ideological concepts as well as the support of upper-level political power are necessary conditions for lowering the cost of system changes. Therefore, under the ideal situation, the law in transition should take the initiative to debug with the evolution of the system from the grassroots level to form a more “pro-market” legal system.