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春秋战国以前的判例研究,由于史料的局限,无从考证。春秋战国以后,中国古代的判例研究经历了秦汉、唐宋和明清三个时期。秦汉时期进行了对判例的系统整理,并确立了“集类为篇,结事为章”的判例编撰体例。唐宋时期已出现判例研究集,郑克《折狱龟鉴》最有代表性。判例研究立足制定法的原则、精神,总结审判经验,介绍办案技巧,提高办案质量,克服制定法疏漏。明清时期杨昱所著《牧鉴》,创立了经(经义)、史(判例)和论(评论)三位一体的判例研究模式。出现了以薛允升《读例存疑》为代表的比较系统的判例研究的专门著述。中国古代的判例研究,侧重于总结司法经验,启迪法官智慧,服务立法改革。判例研究与传统律学保持了相同的风格,带有强烈的经验色彩。中国古代未能在判例形成与适用的程序、判例适用的技术方法、判例效果的系统评价等领域,进行抽象、归纳、概括,上升到理论高度,并发展为系统的判例学说。
The case studies of the Spring and Autumn Period before the Warring States Period, due to the limitations of historical data, can not be verified. After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the case studies in ancient China experienced three periods: the Qin and Han dynasties, the Tang and Song Dynasties and the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Qin and Han Dynasties conducted a systematic review of cases, and established a “collection of articles for the chapter,” the precedent compilation of cases. Tang and Song Dynasties cases of jurisprudence have emerged, Zheng Ke “prison turtle Kam” the most representative. Case studies based on the principles of law, spirit, summing up the trial experience, introduce handling techniques, improve the quality of handling cases, to overcome the omission of the statute. Yang Yu in the Ming and Qing Dynasties by the “Kam Kam”, founded by the (Jing), history (case) and theory (comment) trinity of case study mode. A special case study of comparatively systematic case studies represented by Xue Yun-sheng’s “Reading Doubts” appeared. The case studies in ancient China focused on summing up the judicial experience, enlightening the wisdom of judges and serving legislative reform. Case studies maintain the same style as traditional law, with a strong empirical color. In ancient China, it failed to abstraction, summarize, rise to the theoretical level and develop into a systematic case lawsuit in the fields of the procedure of formation and application of the precedent, the technical methods applied in the precedent, and the systematic evaluation of the effects of the precedent.