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通过大量野外调查、水样采集和化验分析,对中国内陆干旱、半干旱区的苦咸水和高氟水分布特征进行了初步研究。采集到的地表和地下水样中,分别有51.0%和41.5%属于苦咸水;55%和59%水样氟化物含量超标,属于高氟水。研究区的苦咸水以Cl--Na+和HCO-3-Na+为主要离子类型,SO2-4-Mg2+和SO2-4-Ca2+为次要离子类型。苦咸水和高氟水主要分布在内陆河流域下游尾闾、封闭内流区低洼湖盆低地、北部准平原化干燥剥蚀低山残丘间冲积洼地、沙漠低洼湖盆和黄土高原中西部径流系数较小的河流及部分露头潜水等区域,并具有区域富集性分布特点。季节性降水、季节性河流或渠系灌溉对苦咸水的季节性或年际间变化和空间分布有较大影响。较高浓度基质含盐量、水文地质结构、气候条件和特定的水文地球化学环境是苦咸水和高氟水形成与富集分布的主要原因。
Through extensive field investigation, water sample collection and laboratory analysis, the distribution of brackish water and high fluoride water in the arid and semiarid regions of China was studied. Among the collected surface and groundwater samples, 51.0% and 41.5% respectively belong to brackish water; 55% and 59% water samples exceed the fluoride content and belong to high-fluorine water. Brackish water in the study area is dominated by Cl - Na + and HCO-3-Na +, while SO2-4-Mg2 + and SO2-4-Ca2 + are of secondary ion type. Brackish water and high-fluorine water are mainly distributed in the tailings of the lower reaches of the inland river basins, the enclosed low-lying low-lying lake basins in the inflow area, the alluvial depressions in the low-lying remnant hills in the northern part of the quasi-plains, low deserted lakes and the central and western Loess Plateau Runoff coefficient of smaller rivers and some outcrop diving areas, and has the regional distribution of enrichment characteristics. Seasonal precipitation, seasonal river or canal irrigation have a significant impact on the seasonal or interannual variation and spatial distribution of brackish water. The salt content, hydrogeological structure, climatic conditions and specific hydrogeochemical environment of higher concentration matrices are the main reasons for the formation and enrichment of brackish water and high fluorine water.