就妇女获得教育、就业以及参政的平等权利方面而言,35年以来美国经历了非同一般的变化。其之所以如此,是由于有了反歧视之立法,也是由于女性(有时也是不分性别的)职业社团的大力推动,使得这些法律得以实施,并且对其含义做了广泛的理解。社会科学家所做的大量工作见证了妇女在获得教育和就业机会方面的不同待遇,他们的研究也用于制定推动社会变革的计划。这些都对此进程发挥了重要作用。本文意在反映20世纪60年代后期,美国妇女运动最初(第二波)的情况(我本人即是其中的参与者),而以运动对有关研究成果的使用以及其后的研究又如何为立法议程提供依据为焦点。本文我还将探索妇女运动发展的环境,以及妇女权利在美国的确立,着重考察妇女如何开辟了就业机会,尤其是在须有专业训练的职业领域的就业机会就业机会。 The United States has undergone extraordinary changes in 35 years in terms of women’s equal access to education, employment and participation in politics. This is due to the fact that anti-discrimination legislation and the promotion of women’s (and sometimes gender-neutral) professional associations have enabled these laws to be implemented and their implications broadly understood. Much work by social scientists has seen women differently in their access to education and employment, and their research has also been used to develop programs that promote social change. All of these have played an important role in this process. This article is intended to reflect the first and second waves of the American women’s movement in the late 1960s, to which I myself am a participant, and how the legislation on the use of the results of the research and its subsequent research The agenda provided the basis for the focus. In this article, I will also explore the environment for the development of the women’s movement and the establishment of women’s rights in the United States. Emphasis will be placed on examining how women have opened up employment opportunities, especially in employment opportunities in professionally trained occupations.