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This article studies the major changes in Xinjiang during the past hundred years from the perspective of the increased number of cit-ies and the expansion of urban scale .
1.The Change in the Quantity of Xinjiang Cities in the 20 th Century
1 ) The Change in the Quantity of Xinjiang Cities in the first half of the 20th Century
In the first half of the 20th century, Xinjiang, like other provinces and regions in China , experi-enced dramatic historical changes , including politi-cal change , destruction from wars , social turbu-lences etc . During the ruling period of Yang Zengxin ( from 1913 to 1928 ) in Xinjiang , Xin-jiang experienced its third upsurge in urban devel-opment since the Qianlong period .During that pe-riod, a total number of 21 counties were built up . In 1933 , a political coup occurred in Xinjiang , and Sheng Shicai began his rule (1933-1944) in Xinjiang.During that period , Xinjiang ’ s poli-tics, economy and culture developed and changed dramatically.At the same time, the numbers of cities with administrative power increased .Accord-ing to statistics , in 1947 , there were 82 local ad-ministrative units in Xinjiang .These included 1 municipality , 75 counties , and 6 shezhi bureaus . Most of the administrative seats were set in rela-tively large scale cities (towns).
2) The Change in the Number of Xinjiang Cities during the second half of the 20th Century
In the second half of the 20th century, Xin-jiang changed dramatically under the leadership of
the Chinese Communist Party .The number of cit-ies in Xinjiang increased greatly .The period from 1950 to 1957 ( i.e.just after the founding of New China ) was a preliminary development stage of Xinjiang cities;the period from 1958 to 1964 was a “rising-falling development” stage of Xinjiang cities; and the period from 1978 to 2000 was a“fast development” stage.At the end of the 20th century, Urumchi, in Xinjiang, with a population of more than 2 million, became the biggest city a-mong the cities in autonomous regions of China . Up to the end of 2010 , there were 2 prefecture -level cities, 21 county-level cities, 62 counties, and 6 autonomous counties in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region .
2.The changes in population scale and urban scale in the 20 th century
1 ) The changein population scale and urban scale in the first half of the 20th century
In the first half of the 20th century, due to the low -level socioeconomic development in Xin-jiang , together with the limitations of the geograph-ical conditions and social historical conditions , the populations of the cities were generally small .The population of the largest city was only around 10 thousand , and the average scale of all the cities in Xinjiang was not big during that time .
2 ) The changes in population scale and urban scale in the second half of the 20th century.
During the second half of the 20th century, the cities in Xinjiang experienced dramatic changes . These dramatic changes were due to the growth of the population , and fast pace of urban economic development.Firstly, seen from the total scale of the urban population , it had increased from a 500 thousand in 1949 to 5 million in 2000 -10 times the former statistical data . Secondly , urbanized land also expanded dramatically .Many of the cit-ies’ urban areas expanded 10 or dozens of times from their original scale .Thirdly , especially large cities appeared .Urumchi , as the political , eco-nomic and cultural center of Xinjiang , received priority in development , and accordingly developed in advance of other cities during the second half of the 20th century.
Since the 20th century, Xinjiang cities have developed rapidly .The first aspect to develop was that the number of cities increased dramatically;and the number or the scale of cities in north Xin-jiang exceeded those in the south .The second as-pect to develop was that the scale of cities en-larged, which was reflected in the expansion of ur-ban areas as well as the growth of the populations .
In the late 20th century, Xinjiang had formed a preliminary urban hierarchy system by taking U-rumchi as the center , with Yining, Korla and Kashgar as the sub -centers.In the early 21st century , Korla was the first to develop into a“large city”, and Kashgar and Yining will soon become “large” cities.
Following the implementation of the “ West-ern Development Strategy” and the new “Silk Road Strategy”, Xinjiang cities ushered in a new development opportunity .As such, Xinjiang cities should not only experience extensive development in the number of cities , but also in improvements to their urban structure .This will promote the de-velopment of the quality of the cities and lead the region towards a new and sustainable development urbanization path .
1.The Change in the Quantity of Xinjiang Cities in the 20 th Century
1 ) The Change in the Quantity of Xinjiang Cities in the first half of the 20th Century
In the first half of the 20th century, Xinjiang, like other provinces and regions in China , experi-enced dramatic historical changes , including politi-cal change , destruction from wars , social turbu-lences etc . During the ruling period of Yang Zengxin ( from 1913 to 1928 ) in Xinjiang , Xin-jiang experienced its third upsurge in urban devel-opment since the Qianlong period .During that pe-riod, a total number of 21 counties were built up . In 1933 , a political coup occurred in Xinjiang , and Sheng Shicai began his rule (1933-1944) in Xinjiang.During that period , Xinjiang ’ s poli-tics, economy and culture developed and changed dramatically.At the same time, the numbers of cities with administrative power increased .Accord-ing to statistics , in 1947 , there were 82 local ad-ministrative units in Xinjiang .These included 1 municipality , 75 counties , and 6 shezhi bureaus . Most of the administrative seats were set in rela-tively large scale cities (towns).
2) The Change in the Number of Xinjiang Cities during the second half of the 20th Century
In the second half of the 20th century, Xin-jiang changed dramatically under the leadership of
the Chinese Communist Party .The number of cit-ies in Xinjiang increased greatly .The period from 1950 to 1957 ( i.e.just after the founding of New China ) was a preliminary development stage of Xinjiang cities;the period from 1958 to 1964 was a “rising-falling development” stage of Xinjiang cities; and the period from 1978 to 2000 was a“fast development” stage.At the end of the 20th century, Urumchi, in Xinjiang, with a population of more than 2 million, became the biggest city a-mong the cities in autonomous regions of China . Up to the end of 2010 , there were 2 prefecture -level cities, 21 county-level cities, 62 counties, and 6 autonomous counties in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region .
2.The changes in population scale and urban scale in the 20 th century
1 ) The changein population scale and urban scale in the first half of the 20th century
In the first half of the 20th century, due to the low -level socioeconomic development in Xin-jiang , together with the limitations of the geograph-ical conditions and social historical conditions , the populations of the cities were generally small .The population of the largest city was only around 10 thousand , and the average scale of all the cities in Xinjiang was not big during that time .
2 ) The changes in population scale and urban scale in the second half of the 20th century.
During the second half of the 20th century, the cities in Xinjiang experienced dramatic changes . These dramatic changes were due to the growth of the population , and fast pace of urban economic development.Firstly, seen from the total scale of the urban population , it had increased from a 500 thousand in 1949 to 5 million in 2000 -10 times the former statistical data . Secondly , urbanized land also expanded dramatically .Many of the cit-ies’ urban areas expanded 10 or dozens of times from their original scale .Thirdly , especially large cities appeared .Urumchi , as the political , eco-nomic and cultural center of Xinjiang , received priority in development , and accordingly developed in advance of other cities during the second half of the 20th century.
Since the 20th century, Xinjiang cities have developed rapidly .The first aspect to develop was that the number of cities increased dramatically;and the number or the scale of cities in north Xin-jiang exceeded those in the south .The second as-pect to develop was that the scale of cities en-larged, which was reflected in the expansion of ur-ban areas as well as the growth of the populations .
In the late 20th century, Xinjiang had formed a preliminary urban hierarchy system by taking U-rumchi as the center , with Yining, Korla and Kashgar as the sub -centers.In the early 21st century , Korla was the first to develop into a“large city”, and Kashgar and Yining will soon become “large” cities.
Following the implementation of the “ West-ern Development Strategy” and the new “Silk Road Strategy”, Xinjiang cities ushered in a new development opportunity .As such, Xinjiang cities should not only experience extensive development in the number of cities , but also in improvements to their urban structure .This will promote the de-velopment of the quality of the cities and lead the region towards a new and sustainable development urbanization path .