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海星的大量繁殖与入侵可对滩涂养殖贝类造成极大威胁。对海星繁殖生物学的研究可为有效控制海星过度增殖提供信息,同时也可为其胚胎和幼虫培育以及发育生物学的深入研究奠定基础。本研究以韩国和中国沿海常见的多棘海盘车(Asterias amurensis)为材料,研究KCl诱导海盘车排放生殖细胞的最佳剂量,以及水温和盐度对胚胎和幼虫发育的影响。采用不同剂量(1.0mL、3.0mL、5.0mL和7.0mL)0.5mol/LKCl注入性成熟海盘车体腔,皆可诱导生殖细胞的排放,3mL注射组的排放个体比例最高(80%),雌性个体排卵量最大(536.5×104个/ind),同时用诱导获得的精/卵进行人工授精后也获得了较高的受精率(92.7±2.9)%。水温和盐度对多棘海盘车胚胎和幼虫的存活率具有显著的影响。在盐度为35时,20℃时多棘海盘车羽腕幼虫的存活率最高(90.1±2.1)%,15℃时次之(84.4±5.2)%。在温度为15℃时,盐度为35时幼虫培养60h后存活率最高(87.6±4.1)%,盐度为30时次之(85.4±4.0)%。多棘海盘车各期胚胎和幼虫的发育速度(1/t,h-1)随水温升高而加快,在一定温度范围内有明显的正相关性,其关系式为:至2-细胞:1/t=0.1108Tw-0.5997(r2=0.9465);至8-细胞:1/t=0.0454Tw-0.2334(r2=0.9477);至桑椹胚:1/t=0.0179Tw-0.0679(r2=0.8687);至囊胚:1/t=0.0042Tw(r2=0.89);至羽腕幼虫:1/t=0.0006Tw-0.0087(r2=0.8784)。盐度为35时,胚胎和幼虫的发育速度最快,发育至羽腕幼虫需55.4h。根据不同水温和盐度条件下,胚胎和幼虫的存活率和发育速率,确定15~20℃是多棘海盘车发育的适宜温度,最适温度为20℃;适宜盐度为30~35,最适盐度为35。
The massive breeding and invasion of starfish can pose a great threat to beach culture shellfish. The research on the breeding biology of starfish can provide information for effectively controlling the excessive proliferation of starfish, and at the same time it can lay a foundation for further research on the embryo and larval breeding and developmental biology. In this study, the best dose of KCl-induced asbestos-derived germ cells and the effects of water temperature and salinity on the development of embryos and larvae were studied using Asterias amurensis which is common in Korea and China. The germ cells could be induced by 0.5 mol / L KCl infused mature sea cucumber carcass with different dosages (1.0 mL, 3.0 mL, 5.0 mL and 7.0 mL). The highest proportion of discharged individuals in the 3 mL injection group was 80% The highest ovulation rate (536.5 × 104 individuals / ind) was obtained in the individual, and a higher fertilization rate (92.7 ± 2.9%) was obtained after artificial insemination with the induced sperm / egg. Water temperature and salinity have a significant effect on the survival rate of C. spinosa embryos and larvae. When the salinity was 35, the survival rate was the highest (90.1 ± 2.1)% at 20 ℃ and 84.4 ± 5.2% at 15 ℃. When the salinity was 35 ℃ and the salinity was 35 ℃, the larvae had the highest survival rate (87.6 ± 4.1)% and the salinity of 30 (85.4 ± 4.0)% after 60 h. The developmental speed (1 / t, h-1) of embryos and larvae in various stages of spinach was increased with the increase of water temperature, and there was a significant positive correlation in the temperature range. Cells: 1 / t = 0.1108Tw-0.5997 (r2 = 0.9465); to 8-cells: 1 / t = 0.0454Tw-0.2334 (r2 = 0.9477); to morula: 1 / t = 0.0179Tw-0.0679 0.8687); to blastocyst: 1 / t = 0.0042Tw (r2 = 0.89); to H. crassipes: 1 / t = 0.0006Tw-0.0087 (r2 = 0.8784). When the salinity was 35, embryos and larvae developed the fastest, and larvae developed to 55.4h. According to the survival rate and development rate of embryos and larvae under different water temperature and salinity conditions, the suitable temperature for the development of Rhodospirillum multilaculatus at 15 ~ 20 ℃ was determined, the optimum temperature was 20 ℃, the suitable salinity was 30 ~ 35, The optimum salinity is 35.