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目的了解进城务工者学龄前子女的行为问题,为培养该群体儿童的健全人格提供参考。方法采取整群抽样的方法选取福建省福州、厦门、漳州、莆田456名幼儿,使用自制一般情况调查表与长处和困难问卷(家长版)对其家长进行问卷调查。结果研究组和对照组行为问题的检出率分别为22.6%和15.7%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.530,P>0.05);研究组的多动注意不能得分高于对照组,亲社会行为得分低于对照组(t值分别为-2.117,2.512,P值均<0.05);研究组男童和5~6岁儿童行为问题严重于对照组(P值均<0.05);父母关系、父母教养态度、父亲管教类型和家庭人均月收入等因素进入回归方程(P值均<0.05),对儿童行为问题有较好的预测作用。结论进城务工者学龄前子女的行为问题不容忽视,家庭因素能预测子女的行为问题。改变家长的教养观点,优化民办园的管理和教育理念,改善进城务工者群体的发展状况可促进子女教育干预的效果。
Objective To understand the behavioral problems of migrant workers in preschool children and to provide reference for their healthy personality development. Methods A total of 456 children in Fuzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Putian of Fujian Province were selected by cluster sampling method. Questionnaires were made between their parents using the questionnaire of general conditions and the questionnaire of strengths and weaknesses (parent version). Results The detection rates of behavioral problems in study group and control group were 22.6% and 15.7%, respectively, with no significant difference (χ2 = 3.530, P> 0.05). The study group’s attention deficit hyperactivity score was higher than that of control group, (T = -2.117, 2.512, P <0.05 respectively). The behavioral problems of boys and children aged 5 ~ 6 in the study group were significantly worse than those in the control group (all P <0.05). Parents’ The parental rearing attitude, the type of father’s discipline, and the average monthly income of the family members all entered the regression equation (all P <0.05), which had a good predictive effect on children’s behavior problems. Conclusions The behavior problems of preschool children who live in urban areas can not be neglected. Family factors can predict their behavior problems. Changing parents’ views on parenting, optimizing management and education concepts in private parks, and improving the development of migrant workers can promote the effect of educational intervention on children.