1肺出血和上消化道出血肺出血前，多有交感神经兴奋症状如心慌、心率加快、出冷汗等及支气管刺激症状，从而引起咳嗽，使腹压和肺动脉压骤增，而使血管或已破损的血管再次破裂，引起大出血。而消化道出血前，病人亦同样有烦躁、心率加快、面色苍白、出冷汗及恶心等交感神经的兴 1 pulmonary hemorrhage and upper gastrointestinal bleeding pulmonary hemorrhage, and more symptoms of sympathetic excitement such as palpitation, heart rate, cold and sweating, and bronchial irritation and other symptoms, causing cough, so that abdominal pressure and pulmonary artery pressure surge, leaving the blood vessels or Broken blood vessels again rupture, causing bleeding. Before the gastrointestinal bleeding, patients also have irritability, heart rate, pale, cold and sweating and nausea and other sympathetic Xing