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在黄河源冻土严重退化地区,采用选择典型区域和样地进行实验和模型模拟的方法,对不同植被退化特征条件下高寒土壤的水分特征曲线、土壤饱和导水率、土壤入渗及土壤水分进行研究.结果表明:Gradner和Visser提出的经验方程θ=AS-B对该地区土壤水分特征曲线有良好的模拟性;不同植被盖度条件下土壤的饱和导水率和土壤入渗有明显的区别,表层0～10cm范围内,黑土滩的饱和导水率和入渗强度最强,30cm以下土层中土壤饱和导水率、入渗强度以及土壤含水量几乎不受植被的影响.随植被退化表层土壤含水量出现明显降低,退化越严重,水分流失越多,最多时能达到38.6%,植被根系最发达的10～20cm范围的土壤含水量流失对高寒草甸土壤环境影响最大,水分流失导致退化草甸恢复难度较大.通过比较研究,在黄河源地区考斯加科夫(Kostiakov)入渗公式f(t)=at-b更适用于该研究区域高寒草甸土壤水分入渗过程的研究.
In the serious degraded area of the Yellow River source frozen soil, the experiment was conducted to select typical areas and plots for modeling and experiment. The characteristics of soil moisture, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil infiltration and soil moisture under different degraded characteristics were studied. The results show that the empirical equation θ = AS-B proposed by Gradner and Visser has a good analogy to the soil water characteristic curve in this area. The saturated hydraulic conductivity and infiltration of soil under different vegetation coverage have obvious The difference between the surface 0 ~ 10cm range, black soil beach saturated hydraulic conductivity and infiltration intensity strongest, 30cm below the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil infiltration and soil moisture content almost free from the impact of vegetation.With the vegetation Degraded surface soil moisture content significantly decreased, the more serious the degradation, the more the water loss, up to 38.6%, the most developed roots of vegetation 10 ~ 20cm range of soil moisture loss on the alpine meadow soil environment, water loss Which leads to the difficulty of the restoration of degraded meadow.Compared with the Kostiakov infiltration formula f (t) = at-b in the Yellow River source area, it is more suitable for the study area to be high Study on Water Infiltration in Cold Meadows.