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获得性免疫缺陷综合症(acquired immune deficiency syndrome，AIDS)是由I型人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus type I，HIV-1)感染引起的一类疾病。HIV-1在全球范围广泛传播，破坏免疫系统，一旦感染终身带毒，致死率高。在已经完成的Ⅲ期HIV-1疫苗效力试验中，RV144是唯一显示出免疫保护效果的疫苗，且免疫保护效果与HIV-1病毒包膜gp120 V1V2区域的抗体相关。HIV-1包膜V1V2的氨基酸序列及结构赋予病毒重要功能，包括进入靶细胞、诱导广泛交叉中和抗体及与α4β7整合素分子的相互作用等。根据V1V2结构域特征设计免疫原是研制疫苗的重要策略。现就HIV-1包膜V1V2区结构特征、中和表位及疫苗的研究进展作综述。“,”Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection.HIV-1 is widely spread throughout the world.The virus damages immune system and exists for life once it infects, with high mortality rate.Among the completed phase III HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials, RV144 was the only one vaccine that showed an immunoprotection effect.The immunoprotection effect of RV144 is associated with binding antibodies to the HIV-1 envelope gp120 V1V2 region.The amino acid sequence and structure of HIV-1 envelope V1V2 confer important functions to the virus, including entering target cells, inducing broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies, and interacting with α4β7 integrin molecules.Designing immunogens based on V1V2 domain characteristics is an important strategy for vaccine development.This article systematically reviews the structural features, neutralizing epitopes and vaccine research progress of HIV-1 envelope V1V2 region.