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为研究连作年限对棉田土壤物理性质的影响,以南疆连作3年、10年、15年的棉田为研究对象,对不同种植制度条件下棉田土壤物理性状各指标进行测定与分析。结果表明:棉花连作10年以后,水稻→小麦-绿肥→棉花种植制度棉田水分状况优于水稻→棉花种植制度;棉花连作3年、15年,与水稻→棉花种植制度相比,水稻→小麦-绿肥→棉花种植制度土壤容重分别减轻2.5%、2.8%;土壤孔隙度在不同连作年限之间存在极显著差异;从种植制度及连作年限对棉田土壤物理性质的影响综合分析,在南疆极端干旱条件下适应棉花长期连作的种植制度为水稻→小麦-绿肥→棉花,棉花连作年限不宜超过15年。
In order to study the effect of continuous cropping years on soil physical properties in cotton field, the cotton fields in continuous cropping of three years, ten years and fifteen years in southern Xinjiang were selected as the research object to measure and analyze the indexes of soil physical properties under different cropping systems. The results showed that the water condition of rice → wheat → green manure → cotton planting system was better than that of rice → cotton planting system after 10 years of continuous cropping. When cotton was planted for 3 years and 15 years, compared with rice → cotton planting system, The soil bulk density of green manure → cotton planting system was reduced by 2.5% and 2.8% respectively. The soil porosity had extremely significant difference in different continuous cropping years. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the effects of cropping system and continuous cropping years on soil physical properties in cotton field, Under the conditions to adapt to long-term continuous cropping cotton planting system for rice → wheat - green manure → cotton, cotton continuous cropping should not exceed 15 years.