鸦片战争以后 ,中国面临千古未有之变局 ,西方思潮与中国传统治国思潮发生剧烈碰撞。在当时 ,大多数的晚清士人在思想上具有变与不变的交替、开明与保守的混合、守旧与“卫道”的错位和思想与时代的落差四个特点。本文以刘锡鸿为例 ,对其分别进行论述 After the Opium War, China was facing an unprecedented turn of events and the Western thought violently collided with the traditional ideological trend of governing the country. At the time, most of the late Qing scholars had the four characteristics of the alternation of change and unchanged, the mixture of enlightened and conservative, the conservative and the dislocation of “Wei Road” and the gap between the times and the times. This article takes Liu Xihong as an example, and discusses it separately