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传统的粉尘浓度监测技术具有局限性,无法体现电焊烟尘浓度的空间分布,因而在分析电焊工职业暴露和评估整体通风系统时,有必要对工作场所的电焊烟尘浓度进行空间分析。本研究以某大型农用机械电焊车间为例,采用空间统计学的克里格方法对每次通风改造后的各焊接操作位的短时间定点采样浓度数据进行空间插值,评估通风改造效果及职业病危害评价。结果表明:预检测及第一、二次通风改造焊接区域的电焊烟尘浓度整体超标严重,第三次通风改造部分区域降尘效果明显,1#2#3#装载机焊接工位区域的电焊烟尘浓度降至3~6mg/m~3,其余区域加剧,浓度增加到11~15mg/m~3。此外,通风改造期间2#3#4#装载机焊接工位的时间加权平均浓度较1#装载机焊接工位和驾驶室焊接工位低,约为9.2~9.7mg/m~3,但仍超过国家卫生标准限值8mg/m~3。利用空间统计学分析方法对有限的定点采样数据进行空间插值,可实现职业病危害评价“从点到面”模式的突破。
Traditional dust concentration monitoring techniques have limitations and can not reflect the spatial distribution of welding dust concentration. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the welding dust concentration in the workplace when analyzing the occupational exposure of welders and evaluating the overall ventilation system. In this study, a large-scale agricultural machinery welding workshop was taken as an example. The Kriging method of spatial statistics was used to interpolate the short-time fixed-point sampling concentration data of each welding operation position after each ventilation to evaluate the effect of ventilation reform and occupational hazards Evaluation. The results show that the pre-test and the first and second ventilation renovate the welding dust concentration in the welding area as a whole exceeding the standard, the dust reduction effect in some areas of the third ventilation renovation is obvious, the welding dust concentration in the welding station area of 1 # 2 # 3 # loader Reduce to 3 ~ 6mg / m ~ 3, the rest of the region intensified, the concentration increased to 11 ~ 15mg / m ~ 3. In addition, the time-weighted average concentration of the 2 # 3 # 4 # loader welding station during ventilation modification was lower than that of the 1 # loader welding station and cab welding station, which was about 9.2 ~ 9.7mg / m ~ 3 More than the national health standards limit 8mg / m ~ 3. Using spatial statistical analysis method to interpolate limited fixed-point sampling data, it is possible to achieve a breakthrough in occupational disease hazard assessment and “from point to surface” mode.