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为创制杂交小麦白粉病抗性定向改良育种新体系,以白粉病抗源材料N95175、N9134为抗病种质,以强优势杂交小麦新品种“西杂一号”和“西杂五号”的亲本为受体,以陕西不同地区小麦白粉病流行混合菌种为菌源,对供试材料亲本、杂种F1代和回交后代材料进行了苗期和成株期抗性鉴定,并利用与抗白粉病基因Pm21共分离的SCAR标记、抗白粉病基因PmAS846紧密连锁的SSR标记作为抗病性定向选择分子标记进行了抗病性鉴定。结果表明,以N95175、N9134为亲本的杂种F1含有Pm21基因或PmAS846基因,苗期和成株期均表现为高抗,与抗病亲本的抗病性表现基本一致,符合杂种优势表现显性假说,其抗病性主要由显性单基因控制。研究同时表明,仅凭借表型鉴定结果盲目性较大,表型鉴定和分子标记鉴定相结合准确率较高。
In order to create a new system of improved directional breeding of cross-resistance to powdery mildew in wheat, powdery mildew-resistant materials N95175 and N9134 were used as disease-resistant germplasms, and new hybrid wheat cultivars “Xiya No.1” and “Xixiawu No. ”Were used as recipients. The mixed strains of wheat powdery mildew in different areas in Shaanxi Province were used as the bacterial source to identify the resistance of the tested materials parents, F1 hybrids and backcross progenies at the seedling and adult stage, The SSR markers closely linked to the powdery mildew resistance gene PmAS846 were screened for disease resistance using the SCAR marker co-segregating with the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 as a molecular marker for disease resistance selection. The results showed that hybrid F1 containing N95175 and N9134 contained Pm21 gene or PmAS846 gene, which showed high resistance at seedling and adult stage, which was consistent with the disease resistance of parents, which was consistent with the dominant heterosis hypothesis , Its disease resistance mainly dominated by dominant single gene. At the same time, the research shows that blindness is only due to the phenotypic identification results, and the combination of phenotypic identification and molecular marker identification has a high accuracy.