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实体瘤定位诊断的传统方法之一是给予核素后行阴性扫描,即在实体瘤区显示放射性缺损。但此类缺损可由多种疾病引起。近年发展了~(67)Ga-枸椽酸盐等亲癌阳性扫描剂,使瘤区在扫描图上显示放射性填充现象。这一进展虽提高了诊断水平,但仍不能满足临床工作之需。如原发性肝癌选择性摄取~(17)Ga 者仅占70%,有30%的假阴性;而有些炎性灶亦能浓聚~(67)Ga,从而造成假阳性。70年代末获成功的核素标记抗体阳性扫描技术大大提高了实体瘤临床诊断水平,是定位诊断亚临床癌的有力工具。其进展基于下述的历史工作。
One of the traditional methods for the diagnosis of solid tumor localization is to give a negative scan after a radionuclide, that is, to show a radioactive defect in a solid tumor area. However, such defects can be caused by a variety of diseases. In recent years, ~(67)Ga-antimonate and other pro-carcinoma positive scanning agents have been developed, and the tumor area has been shown radioactive filling on the scanogram. Although this progress has improved the diagnostic level, it still cannot meet the needs of clinical work. For example, if the selective uptake of ~(17)Ga in primary liver cancer accounts for only 70%, there are 30% false negatives; and some inflammatory foci can also concentrate ~(67)Ga, resulting in false positives. The successful radionuclide-labeled antibody positive scanning technique in the late 1970s has greatly improved the clinical diagnosis of solid tumors and is a powerful tool for locating subclinical cancers. Its progress is based on the following historical work.