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In this paper,the interactions between extreme waves and a vertical cylinder are investigated through a 3-D two-phase flow model.The numerical model is verified and validated by experimental data.Then,two factors are considered,the global wave steepness and the frequency bandwidth of the wave groups,in the studies of the in-line wave forces and the wave run-up around a cylinder.It is found that both the in-line wave forces and the wave run-up are remarkably increased with the increase of the global wave steepness,whereas the effect of the frequency bandwidth on the in-line wave forces is relatively weak in comparison with its effect on the wave run-up.The minimum and maximum wave run-ups are located in the directions of 22.5° and 180° with respect to the direction of the incident waves,respectively.Additionally,a new empirical formula is proposed for predicting the in-line wave forces by using only the free surface elevations around the cylinder.The results of the formula agree well with the simulation results.