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杂交瘤(Hybridoma)合成单克隆抗体(Monoclonal antibodies,以下简称McAB)是近年来生物医学中的一项重大突破。它为人类疾病的诊断,治疗、预防以及免疫机制的研究,开辟了广阔的前景。自1975年Kohler和Milstein首先应用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备出特异性单克隆抗体以来,该技术发展迅猛,在眼科学的基础理论研究和临床实践中也开始得到了初步应用。现就单克隆抗体的基本概念及其在眼科学的应用作如下概述。一、单克隆抗体的基本概念抗体是一种免疫球蛋白。由体内B淋巴细胞产生。当机体受到细菌、病毒或其它抗原攻击时,相应的B淋巴细胞增殖,于是就产生抗这些抗原的抗体。由于天然抗原是一种复合物,它含
Hybridoma The synthesis of monoclonal antibodies (Monoclonal antibodies, hereinafter referred to as McAB) is a major breakthrough in biomedicine in recent years. It has opened up broad prospects for the study of the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and immune mechanism of human diseases. Since 1975, Kohler and Milstein first application of lymphocyte hybridoma technology to prepare a specific monoclonal antibody since the rapid development of the technology in the basic theory of ophthalmology and clinical practice has also been initially applied. The basic concepts of monoclonal antibodies and its application in ophthalmology are summarized as follows. First, the basic concept of monoclonal antibody Antibody is an immunoglobulin. B lymphocytes produced by the body. When the body is attacked by bacteria, viruses or other antigens, the corresponding B lymphocytes proliferate, producing antibodies to these antigens. Because the natural antigen is a complex, it contains