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《1844年经济学哲学手稿》是马克思哲学的诞生地和秘密,这个秘密可以概括为“实践中主客体的对立同一”。“主客体的对立同一”有别于中国马克思主义者理解的“不同性质的东西的对立同一”。马克思哲学革命的关键步骤是将德国古典哲学的“主体—客体”范式用于人的感性实践活动。“主客同一”和“主客对立”既相当于又不同于传统理解的矛盾同一性和矛盾斗争性。马克思哲学中的三组基本关系及其相应的矛盾运动都可以用主客体的对立和同一来描述:在人与自身的关系中,对象化意味着主客同一,异化意味着主客对立;在人对物的关系中,私有财产意味着主客对立,共产主义意味着主客同一;在人对人的关系中,主奴关系意味着主客对立,自由个性意味着主客同一。因此该原理对于整个马克思主义哲学体系具有重要建构作用。
“Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844” is the birthplace and secret of Marx’s philosophy. This secret can be summed up as “the same opposition between subject and object in practice”. “The Opposition between the Subject and the Object” is different from the “sameness of different nature” as understood by Chinese Marxists. The key step of Marx’s philosophical revolution is to apply the “subject-object” paradigm of German classical philosophy to the perceptual practice of human beings. “The same subject and object” and “opposite subject and object” are both equivalent and contradictory to the traditional understanding of contradiction and conflict. Three basic sets of relations in Marxist philosophy and their corresponding contradictions can all be described by the opposition between the subject and the object: in the relationship between man and himself, objectification means that subject and object are alike; alienation means opposition between subject and object; In the relation of things, private property means opposition between subject and object, communism means subject and object are the same, relationship between man and man means master-slave relationship means opposition between subject and object, and freedom means personality and subject-object. Therefore, this principle has an important role in building the entire Marxist philosophical system.