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以天山中部乌鲁木齐河流域为研究区,基于研究区DEM数据、二类森林资源调查数据及Landsat数据,运用3S(GIS、RS、GPS)技术,采用分布频率指数、生境综合指数定量分析流域尺度1989~2013年云杉林与地形因子(坡度、坡向、海拔)的关系,结果表明:1)云杉林分布面积大小与海拔服从韦伯函数分布,83%的云杉林分布在海拔2000~2600m,海拔2200~2400m是其最宜分布区;2)云杉林在坡向上的分布受生境综合指数制约,在生境综合指数最优(0.7~0.8)的阴坡分布58.93%的云杉林,在西北坡和东北坡分布30.25%云杉林,在生境综合指数最低(0.3~0.4)的阳坡则无云杉林分布;3)使用高斯函数可定量刻画云杉林在不同坡度上的分布状况,83%的云杉分布在坡度16°~45°之间,陡坡(26°~35°)云杉分布频率最大,达35%;4)云杉林海拔分布下限为1770m。上述研究明确并量化了天山云杉林分布规律及其与环境因子间的关系,为研究区森林调整与经营提供理论依据。
Based on the DEM data, the second type of forest resource survey data and the Landsat data in the study area, 3S (GIS, RS, GPS) techniques were used to analyze the watershed scale in accordance with the distribution frequency index and habitat comprehensive index 1989 The results showed that: 1) The distribution area and elevation of spruce forest obeyed the Weber function distribution, 83% of the spruce forest distributed at an altitude of 2000 ~ 2600m And 2200 ~ 2400m above sea level were the most suitable distribution areas. 2) The distribution of spruce forest in the slope direction was restricted by the habitat comprehensive index. In the spruce forest with 58.93% of the shady slope with optimal habitat comprehensive index (0.7-0.8) There was no distribution of spruce forest in the 30.25% spruce forest on the northwestern and northeastern slopes, and no spruce forest on the sunny slopes with the lowest habitat index (0.3-0.4). 3) The distribution of spruce forest on different slopes can be quantitatively described by Gaussian function The distribution of spruce (83%) was between 16 ° ~ 45 °, and the spruce (26 ° ~ 35 °) was the most frequent, with the highest frequency reaching 35%. 4) The lower limit of the altitude distribution of spruce forest was 1770 m. The above research identified and quantified the distribution of Picea crassifolia forest and its relationship with environmental factors, providing theoretical basis for forest adjustment and management in the study area.