结肠直肠癌是全球第三大肿瘤,近1/3是直肠癌。中低位直肠癌的治疗策略与结肠癌,甚至高位直肠癌都存在很大差异。因此,有必要规范其临床治疗,以提高诊疗水平,减少局部复发风险。目前,各指南共识是T_(1-2)N_0期中低位直肠癌不需新辅助放、化疗(neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy,Neo-RCT),T_4期和(或)淋巴结阳性的中低位直肠癌应接受 Colorectal cancer is the third largest tumor in the world and nearly one-third is a rectal cancer. Low and medium rectal cancer treatment strategies and colon cancer, and even high rectal cancer are very different. Therefore, it is necessary to standardize its clinical treatment to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment to reduce the risk of local recurrence. At present, the guideline consensus is that T_ (1-2) N_0 low and medium rectal cancer without neoadjuvant radiotherapy, neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (Neo-RCT), T_4 and / or lymph node-positive low and middle rectal cancer should be accepted