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目的调查了解大肠癌患者行造口术后近期健康行为自我效能的现状及其影响因素。方法对311例造口患者进行问卷调查,包括患者自我效能水平、一般人口学资料及临床资料。结果 311例造口患者中,自我效能总体得分为(72.75±15.38)分,其中高水平者有42例(14%)、中水平260例(84%)、低水平9例(3%)。从高到低分别是健康责任、运动、心理暗示和营养。单因素分析显示,患者年龄、临床分期、合并慢性病情况和家庭住址与其自我效能呈显著负相关(P<0.05);医保力度、文化程度和月收入与其自我效能显著正相关(P<0.05)。其余如性别、烟酒嗜好等与自我效能无明显相关性(P>0.05)。多因素分析最主要的预测因子是年龄、合并慢性病的情况、文化程度、医保力度和月收入。结论造口初期患者自我效能水平偏低,影响因素较多,临床护理人员应特别注重年龄偏大、合并心脑血管疾病的患者,指导其逐步改善自我效能。
Objective To investigate the status quo of self-efficacy of recent healthy behaviors after colostomy in patients with colorectal cancer and its influencing factors. Methods 311 patients with stoma were surveyed, including the level of self-efficacy, general demographic data and clinical data. Results Among 311 patients with stoma, the total self-efficacy score was (72.75 ± 15.38) points, of which 42 (14%) were high, 260 (84%) were middle and 9 (3%) were low. From high to low are health responsibilities, exercise, psychological suggestion and nutrition. Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between patient’s age, clinical stage, chronic disease status and home address and self-efficacy (P <0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between health insurance strength, education level and monthly income and their self-efficacy (P <0.05). The rest, such as gender, alcohol and tobacco preferences and no significant correlation with self-efficacy (P> 0.05). The main predictors of multivariate analysis were age, chronic disease, education, health care coverage, and monthly income. Conclusion Patients with early stage of stoma have lower self-efficacy and many influencing factors. Clinical nurses should pay special attention to patients with older age and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and guide them to gradually improve their self-efficacy.