Since the diccovery of neural stem cells(NSCs)in the embryonic and adult mammalian central nerous system,it provided novel ideas forneurogenesis as the potential of proliferation and differentiation of NSCs.One of the ways to promote the clinical application of neural stem cells(NSCs)is searching effective methods which regulate the proliferation and differentiation.This is also a problem urgently to be solved in medical field.Plenty of earlier studies have shown that traditional chinese medicine can promote the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs by regulating the related signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.The reports of Chinese and foreign literatures on regulating the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in recent ten years and their target and signaling pathways is analyzed in this review.The traditional chinese medicine regulate proliferation and differentiation of NSCs by the signaling pathways of Notch,PI3K/Akt,Wnt/β-catenin,and GFs.And,those signaling pathways have cross-talk in the regulation progress.Moreover,some traditional Chinese medicine,such as astragalus,has a variety of active ingredients to regulate proliferation and differentiation of NSCs through different signaling pathways.However,to accelerate the clinical application of neural stem cells,the studies aboutthe proliferation and differentiation of NSCs and Chinese medicine should be further deepened,the mechanism of multiple targets and the comprehensive regulation function of traditional Chinese medicine should be clarified. Since the diccovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the embryonic and adult mammalian central nerous system, it provided novel ideas for neurogenesis as the potential of proliferation and differentiation of NSCs.One of the ways to promote the clinical application of neural stem cells (NSCs ) is searching effective methods which regulate the proliferation and differentiation. This is also a problem urgently to be solved in medical field. Plenty of earlier studies have shown that traditional chinese medicine can promote the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs by regulating the signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. The reports of Chinese and foreign literatures on regulating the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in recent ten years and their target and signaling pathways are analyzed in this review. traditional Chinese medicine regulate proliferation and differentiation of NSCs by the signaling pathways of Notch, PI3K / Akt, Wnt / β-catenin, and GFs.And, those signali ng pathways have cross-talk in the regulation progress. Moreover, some traditional Chinese medicine, such as astragalus, has a variety of active ingredients to regulate proliferation and differentiation of NSCs through different signaling pathways. However, to accelerate the clinical application of neural stems cells, the studies about the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs and Chinese medicine should be further deepened, the mechanism of multiple targets and the comprehensive regulation function of traditional Chinese medicine should be clarified.