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本文采用神经纤维及髓鞘染色方法,对新生儿气管的神经支配进行了系统观察。神经进入气管后壁后,在外膜内形成神经束并分支交织成纵行的神经丛。在神经束附近或其间布有大小不等的神经节。神经分支伸入气管各层,在软骨膜内、肌内、血管和腺泡周围、以及粘膜内,分别形成一,二、三级神经丛。神经细胞为副交感神经元,主要布于气管后壁;少数散在的孤立神经细胞见于肌内及腺泡周围,但在气管前壁内未见有神经细胞存在。支配肌组织、腺泡和血管,以细的无髓神经纤维占优势,兼有部分薄的有髓神经纤维,它们彼此广泛联系。在气管后壁平滑肌和粘膜肌内的肌束间和肌束表面,有树枝样的神经末梢,其终端呈扣结状和箭头状的膨大,属于感觉性游离神经末梢;粘膜上皮细胞之间感觉性游离末梢终端亦膨大呈扣结状。
In this paper, nerve fibers and myelin staining methods, the neonatal tracheal innervation were systematically observed. Nerve into the tracheal posterior wall, the formation of nerve bundles in the adventitia and branches interwoven into longitudinal plexus. There are nerve ganglions of varying sizes around or in between nerve bundles. Nerve branches into the trachea layers, within the perichondrium, intramuscular, vascular and acinar, and mucosa, respectively, to form one, two, three plexus. Parasympathetic nerve cells, mainly in the tracheal wall; a small number of scattered isolated neurons found in the muscle and around the acinar, but no presence of nerve cells in the anterior tracheal wall. Dominate the muscle tissue, acinar and blood vessels, with thin unmyelinated fibers predominate, both part of the thin myelinated nerve fibers, they widely associated with each other. In the posterior wall of tracheal smooth muscle and mucosal muscle within the muscle bundle and muscle bundle surface, there are branch-like nerve endings, the terminal was buckled knot-like and arrow-shaped enlargement, belonging to sensory free nerve endings; mucosal epithelial sensory Sexual terminal free terminal swelling was buckled knot-like.