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土壤微生物作为生态系统中重要的分解者,在对动植物残体以及土壤有机质降解的过程中,一方面释放CO2到大气中,是土壤碳排放的重要组成部分;另一方面,在分解的过程中,形成了可供给植物利用的无机养分。由于温度对代谢活动的直接影响,过去对微生物代谢的研究主要集中在生长季,通常假设冬季土壤微生物的活力可以忽略。陆地表面近60%的区域经历着季节性积雪覆盖和季节性土壤冻结的影响。近年来的研究表明,由于积雪的覆盖,形成很好的绝缘层,雪被下土壤中微生物仍然具有显著的活性,对土壤碳排放和植物的养分吸收具有重要的贡献。本文就积雪和冻结土壤系统中的微生物碳排放和碳氮循环的季节性特征进行了全面的分析,综述了国内外冬季雪下碳氮循环的研究现状,提出了目前研究中存在的问题和未来的研究方向,强调了开展温带冬季雪下土壤微生物碳氮循环研究的必要性和重要性。
Soil microorganisms, as an important decomposer in ecosystem, release carbon dioxide to the atmosphere during the degradation of animal and plant residues and soil organic matter, and are important components of soil carbon emissions. On the other hand, during the decomposition process In the form of inorganic nutrients available to the plant. Due to the direct effect of temperature on metabolic activity, the past studies on microbial metabolism mainly concentrated in the growing season, and it is generally assumed that the vitality of winter soil microorganisms can be neglected. Nearly 60% of the land surface is experiencing seasonal snow cover and seasonal soil freezing. In recent years, studies have shown that due to snow cover, a good insulating layer is formed, and the microbes still have significant activity in the soils under the snow, which have an important contribution to soil carbon emission and plant nutrient uptake. In this paper, the seasonal characteristics of microbial carbon emissions and carbon and nitrogen cycling in snow-covered and frozen soil systems are analyzed in detail. The status quo of research on carbon and nitrogen cycling under winter snow at home and abroad is summarized, and the existing problems in current research are presented The future research direction emphasizes the necessity and importance of carrying out the research on soil microbial carbon and nitrogen cycling under the condition of temperate winter snow.