在辐射诱发的染色体畸变中,除了倒位和相互易位外,几乎都伴有断片的产生。在间期细胞中,这种染色体断片呈现为大小不等的圆形或椭圆形结构,称为微核。观察微核率的变化,称为微核测定。近年来,由于微核测定具有方法简便、观察迅速、鉴别比较容易等一系列特点,在辐射损伤的诊断、辐射防护药的筛选、辐射的细胞遗传学效应研究等 In radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations, except for inversions and reciprocal translocations, almost all fragments are produced. In interphase cells, this chromosome fragment appears as a circular or oval structure of varying sizes, called the micronucleus. Observed changes in micronucleus rate, known as micronucleus test. In recent years, due to its simple and convenient method, rapid observation, easier identification and so on, the micronucleus test is very useful in the diagnosis of radiation damage, screening of radiopharmaceuticals and cytogenetic effects of radiation