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目的探讨患者及献血者人群中红细胞血型不规则抗体的发生频率及分布特点。方法收集本院临床红细胞标本32 496(人)份及献血者标本30 592(人)份,应用盐水法、试管抗球蛋白法、微柱凝胶法和各种血型定型试剂检定红细胞不规则抗体的特异性;调查红细胞不规则抗体患者的性别比例、有无输血史及妊娠史。结果本组红细胞血型不规则抗体筛选阳性率0.36%(230/63 080),其中同种抗体占93.04%(214/230),同种抗体+自身抗体0.43%(1/230),自身抗体占1.73%(4/230)例,未确定特异性的同种抗体占4.78%(11/230)。特异性抗体中,89.50%(196/219)来源于患者、发生频率0.31%(196/63 080),10.50%(23/219)来自献血者、发生频率0.04%(23/63 080)。结论患者不规则抗体发生频率明显高于献血者;为了避免患者免疫性输血反应的发生,减少献血者不规则抗体的输入,输血前全面开展红细胞同种免疫抗体筛检,对献血者血浆做次侧交叉配血,提高临床输血的安全性和有效性。
Objective To investigate the frequency and distribution of irregular erythrocyte antibody in patients and blood donors. Methods 32 496 (human) samples of clinical erythrocyte and 30 592 (human) samples of blood donors were collected. Irregular antibodies of erythrocytes were determined by saline method, tube antiglobulin method, microcolumn gel method and various blood type setting reagents Specificity of the investigation of irregular red blood cell antibodies in patients with gender, blood transfusion history and history of pregnancy. Results The positive rate of erythrocyte irregular antibody screening in this group was 0.36% (230/63 080), of which the same antibody accounted for 93.04% (214/230), alloantibodies + autoantibodies 0.43% (1/230), autoantibodies accounted for 1.73% (4/230) cases, allotypes with undetermined specificities accounted for 4.78% (11/230). Of the specific antibodies, 89.50% (196/219) were from patients with a frequency of 0.31% (196/63 080) and 10.50% (23/219) from donors, with a frequency of 0.04% (23/63 080). Conclusions The incidence of irregular antibodies in patients was significantly higher than that in blood donors. In order to avoid the occurrence of immunological transfusion reactions and reduce the input of irregular antibodies in blood donors, screening of erythrocyte alloimmunization antibody before blood transfusion, Side cross with blood, improve the safety and effectiveness of clinical transfusion.