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成肌分化过程包括成肌细胞的增殖,然后分化为肌细胞,最后融合形成肌管;microRNA(miRNA)是一类在转录后水平调控基因表达的微小非编码RNA,它通过靶向靶基因mRNA的3’UTR,抑制其翻译或诱导其降解。已有研究表明,miRNA在成肌分化中起重要调控作用。根据表达方式的不同,分为肌肉特异表达的miRNA,有miR-1,miR-133,miR-206,miR-208,miR-499和miR-486;和非肌肉特异表达的miRNA,其中miR-27,miR-29,miR-128,miR-199a和miR-431在成肌分化过程中具有重要的调控功能。另外,阐述了几个与miRNA相互作用从而调控成肌分化的lncRNA的功能。通过介绍两类miRNA的靶基因及调控机制,阐述了最新的研究进展。
Myogenic differentiation involves the proliferation of myoblasts, which then differentiate into myocytes and eventually fuse to form myotubes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of genes at post-transcriptional level by targeting target gene mRNA The 3’UTR inhibits its translation or induces its degradation. Studies have shown that miRNA plays an important regulatory role in myogenic differentiation. According to the different expression patterns, miRNAs are specifically expressed in muscle, including miR-1, miR-133, miR-206, miR-208, miR-499 and miR-486; 27, miR-29, miR-128, miR-199a and miR-431 play an important regulatory role in myogenic differentiation. In addition, several functions of lncRNAs that interact with miRNAs to regulate myogenic differentiation are described. By introducing the target genes and regulatory mechanisms of two types of miRNAs, the latest research progress is expounded.