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“十二五”以来,我国对水污染防治运用经济政策手段进行了积极探索。党和国家出台的政策文件、新修订的《中华人民共和国环境保护法》以及《水污染防治行动计划》等都对水污染防治经济政策手段的制定和实施提出了新的要求。因此,亟需在未来《水污染防治法》的修订过程中加强对相关经济政策手段的规定,给予相关手段明确的法律地位,充分发挥经济政策在水污染防治中的重要作用。为此,本文建议着眼于“十三五”及未来更长一段时期水环境质量改善以及水污染防治形势和突出问题,以推动构建和实施系统、协调和高效的水污染防治经济政策体系为目标,结合党和国家相关文件、法律、行动计划的最新要求,借鉴国际上通过立法保障水污染防治经济政策手段制定和实施的经验,重点从投融资政策、税费和价格政策、排污交易政策等三个方面对现行《水污染防治法》进行修订、补充和完善。具体建议包括:一是完善关于财政投入和融资渠道的相关规定,要求加大水污染防治财政投入和补贴力度、鼓励水污染防治第三方治理方式和PPP模式以及建立流域上下游(跨界)生态补偿机制等;二是完善对于环境税(费)和其他价格机制的相关规定,增加关于环境保护税的说明等;三是增加逐步推行重点水污染物排污权交易的条款等。
Since the 12th Five-Year Plan, China has actively explored the application of economic policy measures in the prevention and control of water pollution. The policy documents promulgated by the party and the state, the newly revised “Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China” and the “Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution” all set new requirements on the formulation and implementation of economic policy instruments for water pollution prevention and control. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to strengthen the provisions of relevant economic policy and measures in the process of revising the “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution” in the future and to give them a clear legal status and give full play to the important role of economic policies in water pollution prevention and control. Therefore, this paper proposes to focus on improving the quality of water environment and prevention and control of water pollution in the “13th Five-Year Plan” period and for a longer period in the future, so as to promote the establishment and implementation of a systematic, coordinated and efficient water pollution control economic policy system As the goal, combined with the latest requirements of the relevant documents, laws and action plans of the party and the state, draw lessons from the international experience in formulating and implementing economic policies and measures to prevent and control water pollution, focusing on investment and financing policies, tax and price policies, sewerage transactions Policy and other three aspects of the current “Water Pollution Prevention Law” to amend, supplement and improve. Specific recommendations include: First, improve the relevant provisions on financial input and financing channels, requiring greater efforts in water pollution prevention and control of financial input and subsidies to encourage third-party water pollution control and PPP mode and the establishment of the basin upstream and downstream (cross-border) ecology Compensation mechanism, etc .; 2) improve the relevant provisions of the environmental tax (fees) and other price mechanisms, and increase the explanation on environmental protection taxes; 3) increase the provisions for gradually implementing the trading of key water pollutant emission rights and so on.