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目的:了解2015年金华市全市城乡居民健康知识水平及健康行为形成率,探讨科学的健康教育模式,为制定下一步干预策略提供依据。方法:采取系统随机抽样方法,对城市社区居民、农村社区居民、机关事业单位人员、厂矿企业单位人员和学生进行集中式问卷调查;对流动人口在其聚集居住地或农贸市场进行拦截式问卷调查。结果:金华市居民总体卫生知识知晓率为83.37%,健康行为形成率为78.19%。城市社区居民、农村社区居民、机关事业单位人员、厂矿企业单位人员、学生和流动人口卫生知识知晓率和健康行为形成率分别为87.25%、78.99%,87.58%、83.74%,85.08%、73.04%,81.11%、74.21%,85.94%、74.95%,79.58%、69.06%。不同年龄、文化程度、6类人群之间居民对卫生防病知识知晓率经检验比较有统计学意义(P<0.01)。六类人群健康行为形成率经检验比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:金华市农村社区居民、厂矿企业单位人员和流动人口卫生知识知晓率和健康行为形成率尚偏低。应通过健康教育综合干预工作,进一步提高金华市各类人群特别是农村社区居民、厂矿企业单位人员和流动人口的卫生知识知晓率和健康行为形成率。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the health knowledge and health behaviors of urban and rural residents in Jinhua City in 2015, explore the scientific model of health education, and provide the basis for further intervention strategies. Methods: A systematic random sampling method was adopted to conduct a centralized questionnaire survey on urban community residents, rural community residents, institutions and institutions, factories and mines units and students; interception questionnaires were carried out among floating population in their gathering place of residence or farmers’ markets . Results: The total health awareness of residents in Jinhua City was 83.37% and the rate of healthy behaviors was 78.19%. The awareness rate of health knowledge and the rate of health behavior formation among urban community residents, rural community residents, government agencies and public institutions, factories and mines enterprises and units, students and floating population were 87.25%, 78.99%, 87.58%, 83.74%, 85.08% and 73.04% respectively. , 81.11%, 74.21%, 85.94%, 74.95%, 79.58%, 69.06%. The residents’ awareness of the knowledge of disease prevention and control among 6 groups of people of different ages and educational levels was statistically significant (P <0.01). Six groups of healthy people behavior formation rate after the test showed that the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion: The awareness rate of hygiene knowledge and the rate of healthy behavior formation among rural community residents, factories and mines enterprises and floating population in Jinhua City are still low. Through the comprehensive intervention of health education, we should further improve the awareness rate of hygiene knowledge and the rate of healthy behavior formation among all kinds of people in Jinhua City, especially those in rural communities, factories and mines, and floating population.