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目的:探讨下肢血管疾病彩色多普勒超声(彩超)图像特征及临床应用价值。方法:应用彩超对170例临床疑有下肢血管疾病257条血管进行检测,观察血管内膜、血栓及斑块特征、血管狭窄、静脉瓣功能及血流情况。结果:下肢动脉血管病变声像图主要为内膜增厚斑块形成,胫动脉以下中小动脉为串珠样小斑块,易造成节段性狭窄及血管闭塞。斑块狭窄处彩色血流表现充盈缺损,流速增加,闭塞段无血流。静脉血管病变以急慢性血栓、静脉瓣功能不全常见。急性血栓声像图呈实体雾状低回声,具有特征性表现。静脉瓣不全返流时间延长1 s以上。结论:彩超在下肢血管疾病诊断中具有较好的敏感性和特异性,是无创性检测下肢血管疾病首选方法。
Objective: To investigate the color Doppler ultrasonography (color Doppler) imaging features of lower extremity vascular disease and its clinical value. Methods: Totally 170 blood vessels of 170 patients with suspected lower extremity vascular diseases were detected by color Doppler ultrasound. The intima, thrombus and plaque characteristics, vascular stenosis, venous valve function and blood flow were observed. Results: The lower extremity arterial lesions sonogram is mainly the formation of intimal thickening plaques, small arteries below the tibial artery beaded like small plaques, easily lead to segmental stenosis and vascular occlusion. Color flow at the plaque stenosis filling defects, increased flow, occlusion no blood flow. Venous vascular disease with acute and chronic thrombosis, venous insufficiency common. Acute thromboecosurgical echocardiography showed a solid low echo, with characteristic performance. Venous insufficiency reflux time extended 1 s or more. Conclusion: Color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of lower extremity vascular disease has good sensitivity and specificity, is the first choice for noninvasive detection of lower extremity vascular disease.