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在回答“何谓违宪”这个问题时,首要的是明确违宪主体的范围。然对公民是否具有违宪主体资格,我国学者尚未达成共识。我国《宪法》序言第13自然段第2句、第5条以及宪法基本义务条款并不能成为证立公民具有违宪主体资格的规范依据;至于在“第三人效力”理论中的“间接效力”场合下,公民亦不是违宪主体。限制国家权力保障公民基本权利的宪法精神和功能以及宪法责任能力的缺失决定了公民不具有违宪主体资格。否定公民的违宪主体资格并不会危及宪法权威,更不是放纵公民肆意践踏宪法。
When answering the question of “what is unconstitutionality?”, The most important thing is to clearly define the scope of the unconstitutional subject. However, whether or not citizens have unconstitutional main body qualifications, Chinese scholars have not yet reached a consensus. The second sentence of Article 13 of the Preamble to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and Article 5 of the Constitution and the basic obligations of the Constitution can not become the normative basis for establishing the qualifications of citizens as unconformity with the Constitution. As for the “third-party effectiveness” theory, Indirect effect "Under the occasion, citizens are not unconstitutional subject. Constraints of state power to protect the basic rights of citizens constitutional spirit and function, as well as the lack of constitutional responsibility determines the citizens do not have the constitutional qualification. Negating the citizen’s unconstitutional main body qualification will not endanger the constitutional authority, nor will it allow the citizens to wantonly trample on the constitution.