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蚂蚱麦是小麦骨干亲本之一,对蚂蚱麦进行研究可为探讨小麦骨干亲本的遗传机制及对小麦杂交育种亲本的选配和提高育种效率提供帮助。本研究利用相关分析和主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法对蚂蚱麦×碧玉麦杂交F2代185个单株的株高、有效分蘖、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重等性状进行遗传分析,结果表明这些性状是多基因控制的数量性状,其中有效分蘖受一对主基因+多基因控制,主基因遗传率为0.557,加性效应为6.916,主基因表现为负完全显性;穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重受微效多基因控制,无主效基因存在。蚂蚱麦和碧玉麦在株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重方面差异显著,这表明二者是一对优异的杂交组合,有利于在后代中选择出优异的基因型。
Grasshopper wheat is one of the main wheat parents. The study of grasshopper wheat can help to understand the genetic mechanism of wheat parents and the selection of wheat cross breeding parents and improve breeding efficiency. In this study, the plant height, effective tiller, panicle length, spikelet number, spikelet number and thousand-kernel weight of 185 F2 plants from the cross of grasshopper wheat × Jasper were analyzed by correlation analysis and mixed + The results showed that these traits were quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes. Among them, effective tillering was controlled by one major gene + polygene, the heritability of the major gene was 0.557, the additive effect was 6.916, and the major gene showed negative complete phenotype The length of spike, number of spikelets, number of grains per spike and weight per 1000 grains were controlled by micro-multi-gene, and no major gene existed. The differences of plant height, spike length, spikelet number, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight of grasshopper and jasper were significant, which indicated that the two were excellent hybrids and could be used to select excellent genotypes among the offspring.