1 种质资源概况大量事实已表明,要选育出具有多方面综合性状优良的品种就需要有广泛的遗传基础,特别是一些特殊性状和抗性在育种上还需要从远缘野生植物或半野生类型上获得。保护、研究和利用作物种质资源是农作物品种改良所必须,是农业持续发展所必须。世界上任何一种资源基因一旦消失,就难以用任何先进方法再创造出来。我国幅员辽阔、地势复杂、气候多样、历史悠久,农作物品种资源异常丰富,是世界农作物的重要起源地中心之一,资源丰富和独特性引起全世界的瞩目,前苏联著名植物学家瓦维洛夫曾说过,起 A large number of germplasm resources Facts have shown that to breed with a variety of comprehensive traits of good varieties on the need for a wide range of genetic basis, in particular, some of the traits and resistance in breeding also need from the distant wild plants or half Wild type available. The protection, research and utilization of crop germplasm resources are necessary for the improvement of crop varieties and necessary for the sustainable development of agriculture. Once any one of the world’s resource genes disappears, it will be hard to recreate it with any advanced method. China is one of the most important centers of crop production in the world. Due to its vast territory, complex terrain, diverse climates and long history, it is one of the most important centers of crop production in the world. Its rich resources and unique features have attracted worldwide attention. The famous botanist Vivalo Husband had said, since