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技术创新是一个多层次、多环节的社会活动。尽管它的具体形态是多种多样的,但都有一个共同的特征,即它涉及一系列、多层次的活动,从观念的产生直至形成社会化运动的过程。技术创新是一个由“发生—运行—扩散”三个环节递次出现的完整过程,而各个环节又是由若干种类型所构成。所以,各层次、各环节之间要求相互衔接、相互匹配。然而更为重要的是,技术创新过程又总是在一定的社会环境中进行,必然受到现实的社会环境的制约。从世界范围的技术创新热潮来看,为什么一些发达国家通过有效的技术创新在一定程度上摆脱经济危机,实现经济复苏和发展?为什么一些新兴工业化国家和地区通过成功的技术创新,实现社会经济发展的后来居上?而又为什么有一些国家或地区在某些时期却死气沉沉,创新成果寥若晨星,且缺乏国际竞争能力?个中原因主要是社会环境是否为成功的技术创新提供了良好的条件。因此,技术创新的社会环境研究成为一个极有吸引力的课题。
Technological innovation is a multi-level and multi-link social activity. Although its specific form is varied, it has a common characteristic that it involves a series of activities at multiple levels, from the generation of ideas to the process of forming social movements. Technological innovation is a complete process appearing from the three aspects of “occurrence - operation - diffusion”, and each link consists of several types. Therefore, all levels, all aspects require mutual convergence and mutual matching. More importantly, however, the process of technological innovation is always carried out in a certain social environment and is bound to be constrained by the actual social environment. From the worldwide upsurge of technological innovation, why do some developed countries get rid of the economic crisis and achieve economic recovery and development through effective technological innovation? Why are some newly industrialized countries and regions achieving successful socio-economic development through successful technological innovation? Then come to the top? And why some countries or regions are still dead at some times, the achievements of the few new moon, and the lack of international competitiveness? The main reason is whether the social environment for successful technological innovation provides a good condition. Therefore, the research of social environment of technological innovation becomes an extremely attractive subject.