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马克思恩格斯的意识形态理论有一个重要思想:特定情况下,意识形态是对社会存在颠倒的、歪曲的、虚幻的反映。它们以种种偏见、错觉、玄想、臆度、幽灵、怪念等幻象思维方式,对现实生活给予非现实的表达。这种特殊的社会意识方式,背后有值得人们深深关注的主体性成因,是主体囿于精神生产的专门化局限、自身利益的普遍化放大及其病态政治诉求而生成的一种不正常、不合理的思维变态。
There is one important thought in Marx and Engels’s theory of ideology: under certain circumstances, ideology is an inverted, distorted and illusory reflection of social existence. They present unrealistic representations of real life in such illusionary ways as prejudice, illusion, mystery, speculation, ghosts and weird thoughts. Behind this special social consciousness, there are some subjective causes that deserve deep attention. They are the abnormalities that the main body produces due to the special limitations of spiritual production, the generalized enlargement of its own interests and its morbid political demands, Unreasonable thinking metamorphosis.