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20世纪晚期西方后现代理论对马克思主义的挑战,将目标重点指向马克思的经济学分析。对马克思“使用价值”概念的批判是其著名案例:认为马克思把使用价值当作具体的东西来反对交换价值的抽象权力,把使用价值的解放当作否定和超越资本主义的基础,而没有揭示出使用价值本身也是一个抽象,即有用性和需要体系的抽象,因此马克思对使用价值的推崇正好认同了资产阶级意识形态。后现代理论对马克思的这个解读严重曲解了马克思的本意,但后现代理论对使用价值和需要的批判又恰恰是马克思学说在当代资本主义条件下的一种理论效应。
The late 20th century the western postmodern theory challenges Marxism, the target point to Marx’s economic analysis. Criticism of the notion of “use value” by Marx is a famous example of Marx’s use of value as a concrete object to oppose the abstract power of exchange value and the emancipation of use value as the basis for negation and surpassing capitalism without revealing The use value itself is also an abstraction, that is, the usefulness and the abstraction of the need for the system. Therefore, Marx’s esteem for use value exactly agrees with bourgeois ideology. This interpretation of Marxism by postmodernism has seriously misinterpreted Marx’s intention, but the critique of the value and need of postmodernism is precisely a theoretical effect of Marxism under the conditions of contemporary capitalism.