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采用火灾模型试验的研究方式,在高海拔特长铁路隧道——关角隧道(32.645 km)的斜井内进行火灾燃烧的全尺寸模型试验,测得不同火灾规模条件下隧道内温度和烟气分布,通过分析试验结果,得到高海拔隧道火灾的燃烧特性。研究结果表明:隧道拱顶处温度高于隧道中心线附近温度;火源附近温度最高,隧道内各位置温度随着距火源点距离增加而降低;纵向风速对隧道内烟气分布有重要影响,火源下游温度高于上游温度。结合试验的分析结果,就高海拔隧道火灾防灾救援设计提出建议。
A full-scale model test of fire combustion in the inclined shaft of the high-altitude railway tunnel-Guanjiao tunnel (32.645 km) was conducted by means of a fire model test. The temperature and flue gas distribution in the tunnel under different fire scales were measured. By analyzing the test results, the combustion characteristics of high altitude tunnel fires are obtained. The results show that the temperature at the vault of the tunnel is higher than the temperature near the centerline of the tunnel; the temperature near the fire source is the highest, the temperature at each position in the tunnel decreases with the distance from the fire source point; and the longitudinal wind speed has an important influence on the flue gas distribution in the tunnel , The downstream temperature of the fire source is higher than the upstream temperature. Combining with the result of the experiment, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the design of disaster prevention and rescue for high altitude tunnel fire.