二次大戰後,科學技術飛速發展,以各種導彈為代表的一大批遠程精確制導武器相繼問世,新一代艦載作戰飛機也不斷裝備航空母艦,使航空母艦的遠距離空中打擊能力有了極大的提高。這給傳統海戰方式帶來了深遠的影響。現代海戰已完全成為一場以飛機和各種反艦導彈為主的戰争,來自空中的打擊已成為水面艦艇所面臨的最嚴重的威脅。由於在海戰中,從部隊集結開始,直到出港、海上運動、接敵、水面交戰、追擊、甚至撤離返航等整個作戰過程中,空中威脅始終存在,因此,加强對空防禦,掩護己方艦艇執行各種作戰任務,已成為奪取海戰勝利的關鍵。偵察衛星、空中預警機及核潛艇的 After the Second World War, with the rapid development of science and technology, a large number of long-range precision guided weapons represented by various kinds of missiles were launched one after another. The new generation of carrier-based combat aircraft is also continually equipped with aircraft carriers, greatly improving the long-range air strike capability of aircraft carriers. This has brought far-reaching impact on the traditional naval battle mode. Modern naval warfare has completely become a war dominated by aircraft and various anti-ship missiles. Striking from the air has become the most serious threat to surface ships. Since the air threat always exists during the entire battle from the time of the formation of troops to the departure of seaports, maritime movements, enemy encounters, water battles, chase and even evacuation and return flights during naval operations, the air defense has been strengthened. The task of combat has become the key to winning a naval battle. Reconnaissance satellites, airborne early warning aircraft and nuclear submarines