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采用自制的热型连铸设备,制备出了直径为12 mm的单晶铜、单晶铝、单晶锌棒材;对三种棒材的拉伸特性进行了测试、分析,并与多晶铜、多晶铝线材进行了对比。试验结果表明,热型连铸的单晶金属比多晶金属的拉伸性能大大提高。单晶铝比多晶铝伸长率提高了156.12%,断面收缩率提高了578.36%。单晶铜比多晶铜伸长率提高了131.75%,断面收缩率提高了353.34%。单晶锌的抗拉强度只有7 MPa,伸长率为13.29%。从应力-应变曲线可以得出:单晶铝、单晶铜的加工硬化倾向较小,单晶锌则具有明显的加工硬化倾向。
A single-crystal copper, single crystal aluminum and single crystal zinc bar with a diameter of 12 mm were prepared by a homemade hot-type continuous casting equipment. Tensile properties of the three bar materials were tested and analyzed. Copper, poly aluminum wire were compared. The experimental results show that the hot-continuous casting single crystal metal polycrystalline metal tensile properties greatly improved. Single crystal aluminum ratio polycrystalline aluminum elongation increased by 156.12%, reduction of area reduction of 578.36%. Single crystal copper increased polycrystalline copper elongation by 131.75%, reduction of area reduction of 353.34%. Single crystal zinc tensile strength of only 7 MPa, elongation of 13.29%. From the stress-strain curve, it can be concluded that the tendency of work-hardening of single-crystal aluminum and single-crystal copper is small and that of single-crystal zinc has obvious work-hardening tendency.