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目的研究扬沙天气颗粒物浓度与儿童最大呼气流速(PEFR)的相关关系,探讨沙尘天气颗粒物对儿童肺功能的危害。方法于2005年3月28日—5月6日采用呼气峰值流速计(mini-wrightpeakflowmeter)和问卷对包头市昆都伦区1所小学两个班共计118名小学生(8～11岁)进行了PEFR的连续40d的测定和问卷调查,并收集和监测SO2、NO2、CO、PM10、PM2.5的质量浓度和气象数据。采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行单因素统计分析、多元回归分析以及时间序列分析中的自相关回归分析。结果和前一日相比,扬沙天气发生当天,颗粒物PM10浓度由0.377mg/m3上升到3.183mg/m3,上升幅度为744%,PM2.5浓度由0.203mg/m3上升到1.067mg/m3,上升幅度为425%。扬沙天气发生当天,男、女生PEFR日均值分别为268.67和256.79L/min,分别比前一天下降1.4%和1.9%。女生PEFR每日均值和PM2.5日均浓度呈现负相关(P<0.01)。PM10和PM2.5浓度在扬沙天气发生大约一周后恢复到扬沙天气发生前水平,同时儿童的PEFR值在扬沙天气后4d左右可恢复到扬沙天气发生前的水平。结论PM2.5浓度的升高可能与女生PEFR日均值下降有关。扬沙天气对儿童最大呼气流速有明显短期急性影响,这些效应随扬沙天气的结束而很快减弱。
Objective To study the correlation between the particulate matter concentration and the maximum expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in children and to explore the harmful effects of dust particles on children’s lung function. Methods From January 28 to May 6, 2005, a total of 118 primary school students (8 to 11 years old) were enrolled in two primary classes in a primary school in Kunduron District, Baotou using the mini-wrightpeakflowmeter and questionnaire. PEFR continuous 40d measurement and questionnaire survey, and collect and monitor the concentration of SO2, NO2, CO, PM10, PM2.5 concentration and meteorological data. SPSS13.0 statistical software for single factor statistical analysis, multiple regression analysis and time series analysis of autocorrelation regression analysis. Results Compared with the previous day, the PM10 concentration increased from 0.377mg / m3 to 3.183mg / m3 on the day of Jan-sand weather, increasing by 744% and the PM2.5 concentration increased from 0.203mg / m3 to 1.067mg / m3 , Up by 425%. The average daily PEFR of boys and girls was 268.67 and 256.79L / min on the day of Yangsan weather, respectively, down 1.4% and 1.9% respectively from the previous day. The daily average of PEFR and the average PM2.5 concentration of female students were significantly lower (P <0.01). The PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations recovered to the level before the onset of the weathering in about one week after the onset of the weathering, while the PEFR of children recovered to the level before the onset of the weathering in about 4 days after the weathering. Conclusions The increase of PM2.5 concentration may be related to the decrease of daily average of PEFR in girls. The Jan-Sand weather has a clear short-term acute effect on the maximum expiratory flow rate in children, and these effects weaken rapidly as the Jan-Sand weather ends.