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过敏性疾病已成为全球性的临床和公共健康问题,严重危害儿童的身心健康。虽然遗传在过敏性疾病发生中起着重要作用,然而,基因并不能完全解释近年来过敏性疾病发病率快速增加的现象。已有较多研究表明,环境因素可以通过引起机体表观遗传学变化,从而导致过敏性疾病的发生。表观遗传学由Waddington~[1]首先提出,即DNA序列不变,但其基因表达发生可遗传的变化,机制涉及DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰及非编码RNA等。
Allergic diseases have become a global clinical and public health problem, seriously endangering children’s physical and mental health. Although inheritance plays an important role in the development of allergic diseases, however, the gene does not completely explain the rapid increase in the incidence of allergic diseases in recent years. More studies have shown that environmental factors can cause changes in the body’s epigenetic, leading to the occurrence of allergic diseases. Epigenetics was first proposed by Waddington ~ [1] that the DNA sequence does not change, but its gene expression occurs heritable changes, the mechanism involves DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA.