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一、水灾是中国第一大灾,长江中游历来就是重灾区。人类与洪水斗争贯穿着人类的历史过程,尽管人类社会已进入信息时代,科学技术有了很大的发展,防洪体系的建设日趋完善,但水害为自然灾害之首至今未变。2500年前的先秦时代,《管子·度地篇》就说得一清二楚:“五害之属水为大。”目前全球各种自然灾害所造成的损失,洪涝占40％,热带气旋占20％,干旱占15％,地震占15％,其余占10％,可见水灾损失之严重性。中国是一个水灾频发的国家。中国水量在空间和时间上分布严重不均,占国土面积53％的东南部,其水资源占全国93％,且降水多集中于夏季,因而大洪水频发,洪涝灾害年年有。
First, floods are China’s largest disaster, the Yangtze River has always been the hardest hit. The struggle between mankind and flood runs through the historical process of mankind. Although mankind has entered the information age, great progress has been made in science and technology and the improvement of flood control system is perfected. However, water damage has not changed for the first time in natural disasters. Before the Qin Dynasty 2,500 years ago, “Guan Zi Dudian” put it plainly: “The water of the five pests is great.” At present, the damage caused by various natural disasters in the world, with 40% of floods and tropical cyclones 20%, drought 15%, earthquakes 15%, and the rest 10%, showing the seriousness of flood damage. China is a flood-prone country. China’s water volume is unevenly distributed in space and time, accounting for 53% of the country’s southeastern area. Its water resources account for 93% of the national total. Most of the water is concentrated in the summer, so frequent floods and floods occur annually.