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在云南昭通10个植烟生态区进行田间试验,以探讨土壤-气候、烟草品种及其互作对烟叶14个化学品质指标的影响.与优质烟叶的最佳范围相比,昭通烟叶钾、氯含量和氮碱比略低,总糖及其与还原糖之差偏高,其它指标较为适宜;土壤-气候、烟草品种及其互作和烟叶等级对烟叶化学品质的综合影响程度不同,它们对烟叶14个化学指标总变异的贡献率分别为48.0%,10.3%,19.7%,22.0%,土壤-气候对烟叶化学品质的影响最大,烟草品种的影响最小.在土壤和气候因素中,土壤对烟叶总氮、蛋白质、淀粉、总糖、还原糖含量和糖氮比具有主导作用;气候对烟叶氮碱比和钾氯比具有主导作用;其它指标如烟叶钾、氯、烟碱、多酚、石油醚提取物含量和糖碱比则受土壤和气候双重因素制约.值得一提的是,降雨频率是一个重要的气象因素,它对烟叶钾、氯、烟碱含量和糖碱比、氮碱比、钾氯比具有重要的调控作用.
A field experiment was conducted in 10 tobacco-growing ecotopes in Zhaotong, Yunnan to investigate the effects of soil-climate, tobacco varieties and their interactions on 14 chemical quality indexes of tobacco leaves.Compared with the best range of quality tobacco leaves, the content of potassium and chlorine in Zhaotong tobacco leaves And the ratio of nitrogen and alkali was slightly lower, the difference between total sugar and reducing sugar was higher, and other indexes were more suitable. Soil-climate, tobacco varieties, their interaction and the grade of tobacco had different effects on the chemical quality of tobacco leaves. The contribution rates of the total variation of 14 chemical indicators were 48.0%, 10.3%, 19.7% and 22.0%, respectively. Soil-climate had the greatest impact on the chemical quality of tobacco leaves and the least impact on tobacco varieties.In soils and climatic factors, Total nitrogen, protein, starch, total sugar, reducing sugar content and sugar-to-nitrogen ratio played a leading role. The climate played a leading role in the ratio of nitrogen to alkali and potassium to chlorine. Other indicators such as leaf potassium, chlorine, nicotine, The content of ether extract and the ratio of sugar and alkali are restricted by the dual factors of soil and climate.It is worth mentioning that the frequency of rainfall is an important meteorological factor and has great impact on the content of potassium, chlorine, nicotine and the ratio of nicotine to base, , Potassium chloride It has an important regulatory role.