1869年Balfour等首先描述了门静脉海绵样变性,门静脉系统因血栓形成而血流缓慢、门静脉压力增高,脾大、门静脉与腔静脉间的侧支静脉开放扩张等。同时在闭塞的门静脉周围逐渐形成多条侧支静脉,表现为一种特殊的海绵样外观,DeGaetano等[1]将门静脉血栓形成后局部的侧支循环形成的 In 1869, Balfour et al. First described cavernous degeneration of the portal vein, portal venous system due to slow blood flow due to thrombosis, increased portal pressure, splenomegaly, open dilatation of the collateral vein between the portal vein and the vena cava. At the same time in the occlusion of the portal vein gradually formed a number of collateral veins, showing a special sponge-like appearance, DeGaetano et al [1] after portal vein thrombosis local collateral circulation formed