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针对我国根蛆类害虫严重危害葱蒜类蔬菜作物,特别在韭菜上问题突出的现状,项目开展了根蛆的生物学和生态学、种群规律、单项防治技术及综合防治技术的研究与示范工作。明确了我国大部分地区韭菜上的根蛆主要是韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysiaodoriphaga Yang et Zhang,在甘肃和辽宁地区的优势种为异迟眼蕈蚊B.difformis Frey。采用黄板诱集成虫结合挖根查幼虫的方法,明确了华北、东北、西北和华东地区根蛆在田间的发生规律。根蛆不耐高温耐低温,春、秋和冬季发生严重,在夏季有转主危害的趋势,冬季以老熟幼虫在0~5 cm土层中越冬。蕈蚊成虫对黑色和棕色趋性最强,研发出特异性的黑色粘虫板。覆盖50~60目防虫网对根蛆的防效最佳,且对韭菜生长有促进作用。建立了蕈蚊成虫的优势捕食性天敌——瘦弱秽蝇Coenosia attenuata的饲养技术和田间应用技术,筛选出了对蕈蚊幼虫高致病力的昆虫病原线虫和Bt菌株,田间防效达60%以上。研发出保护地灌溉臭氧水、减量施药和喷淋施药等轻简化的根蛆防治技术10项。根据不同地区韭菜的种植习惯和根蛆的发生特点,在辽宁、河北、山东、甘肃等地建立了区域性的根蛆类害虫综合防治技术,建立核心示范区10个,进行技术培训5 000人次,取得了一定的经济、社会和生态效益。
In view of the current situation that the root maggot pests seriously endanger the onion and garlic crops, especially on chives, the project carried out research and demonstration work on the biology and ecology of root maggots, population rules, individual prevention and control technologies and comprehensive prevention and control technologies . It is clear that the root maggot on Chinese chives in most parts of China is mainly Bradysiaodoriphaga Yang et Zhang, B.difformis Frey, the dominant species in Gansu and Liaoning Provinces. The method of inducing adult insects by yellow board and digging and rooting larvae was used to clarify the occurrence rules of root maggots in the fields of North China, Northeast China, Northwest China and East China. The root maggot is not resistant to high temperature and low temperature, and occurs seriously in spring, autumn and winter, and has the tendency of detrimental to the host in summer. In winter, larvae overwinter in 0 ~ 5 cm soil layer. Mushroom mosquitoes adult black and brown most aggressive, developed a specific black sticky board. Covering 50 to 60 mesh pest control net root maggots best control effect, and promote the growth of leeks. The dominant predation of adult mosquitoes was established. Feeding technology and field application technology of Coenosia attenuata, a dominant predatory insect, were screened out. The pathogenic nematodes and Bt strains were highly virulent to M.fungus larva, the above. We have developed 10 light-weight root maggots for prevention and control of irrigated ozone water, reduced dosage and spray application. According to the planting habits of chives in different regions and the occurrence characteristics of root maggots, we established the comprehensive prevention and control technology of regional root maggots in Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong and Gansu, established 10 core demonstration areas and conducted 5,000 technical trainings , Has made some economic, social and ecological benefits.