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目的:对基本药物和基本药物制度的经济学性质进行分析。方法:采用经济学中关于公共产品的基本理论,对基本药物和基本药物制度的经济学性质进行基本判断。并采用外部性理论和社会福利函数理论对将基本药物制度作为公共产品的理由进行分析。结果和结论:基本药物本身是私人产品,而基本药物制度则是准公共产品;将基本药物制度作为公共产品的理由在于两个方面,一是医疗服务消费的广泛的外部性的存在,二是公平性是社会福利函数最大化的约束条件。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the economics of essential medicines and essential medicines. Methods: The basic theory of public goods in economics is used to make basic judgments on the economic properties of essential medicines and essential medicines. And uses externality theory and social welfare function theory to analyze the reason why the basic drug system is regarded as a public product. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Essential medicines are private products while essential medicines system is quasi-public goods. The reason why basic medicines system is regarded as public goods lies in two aspects. First, there is extensive externalities of medical service consumption. Second, Fairness is the constraint of maximizing social welfare function.